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The Fix Is In: FTC and DOJ Permit Structural Remedies for Two Major Tech Mergers

Recently, the Federal Trade Commission and the US Department of Justice both announced their acceptance of structural remedies to address competition concerns in two major tech mergers. The approval of these structural remedies indicates a more flexible approach by the Trump administration, allowing mergers to proceed with strong divestiture packages instead of outright blocking them.

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FTC Revives Orange Book Listing Challenges

On May 21, 2025, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) issued its third round of warning letters – and its first under the Trump administration – against pharmaceutical manufacturers challenging their allegedly improper patent listings in the Food and Drug Administration’s Orange Book. The FTC’s action aims to ensure fair competition and lower healthcare costs by preventing brand-name manufacturers from delaying generic competition. Companies that have received warning letters should review their current listings, especially the underlying claims in the patents, and seek legal counsel to ensure compliance.

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Antitrust Under Trump: April 2025 Updates

The Trump administration’s antitrust landscape continues to develop with key changes in industry and policy priorities, remedy expectations, and agency personnel. Among the updates, Mark Meador was confirmed as a commissioner of the Federal Trade Commission, President Trump signed an executive order to eliminate anticompetitive regulations, and the Department of Justice is partial to populist antitrust with the “America First” movement. These changes signal a shift in antitrust enforcement, with a focus on reducing regulatory burdens and addressing competitive issues in key sectors like healthcare, transportation, and entertainment.

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Heard at the 2025 Antitrust Law Section Spring Meeting

The American Bar Association Antitrust Law Section held its annual Spring Meeting from April 2 to 5 in Washington, DC, where federal, state, and international antitrust enforcers shared key updates and enforcement priorities. At the Spring Meeting, antitrust agencies signaled continued scrutiny of mergers, noncompete agreements, and Big Tech – plus an uptick in state-level enforcement and continued consumer protection activity – regardless of changes in administration.

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Antitrust Under Trump: March 2025 Updates

The Trump administration has taken significant steps to reshape antitrust enforcement by exerting greater control over the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), firing two Democratic FTC commissioners. Leadership has also begun to outline more of their priorities in speeches and interviews. These changes outline antitrust enforcement priorities, with a stronger emphasis on economic analysis and litigation against Big Tech, healthcare, and a continuing focus on labor market issues.

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Antitrust Under Trump: Initial Policies and Actions

The Trump administration has initiated significant changes in antitrust policy through key appointments and policy announcements. The administration announced that the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) and US Department of Justice (DOJ) will continue using the 2023 Merger Guidelines and expressed support for new Hart-Scott-Rodino (HSR) rules. Additionally, the FTC outlined its goals, which include improving the merger review process by moving more quickly, accepting settlements where warranted, and combating Big Tech censorship.

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Unpacking the Biden Administration’s Last-Minute Antitrust Worker Protections

In the final week of the Biden administration, the Federal Trade Commission and US Department of Justice released two policies potentially impacting labor markets. The first is a Policy Statement on the Exemption of Protected Labor Activity for Independent Contractors, and the second is the Antitrust Guidelines on Business Practices that Impact Workers.

The policies address antitrust law as applied to independent contractors, especially gig workers, by contemplating new antitrust liability protection similar to the existing antitrust exemption for collective action by employees. They also list various business practices that could violate antitrust laws, impacting how companies manage their labor practices.

Companies should review their labor practices and agreements to ensure compliance with the new guidelines. Legal teams should stay informed about potential changes under the new administration and prepare for possible revisions or repeals of these policies. In the meantime, these policy statements and guidelines reflect agency positions and do not themselves change applicable law. The National Labor Relations Act continues to statutorily exclude independent contractors from unionization rights and processes.

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What a Second Trump Term Means for Antitrust Enforcement

On January 20, 2025, President-elect Donald J. Trump’s administration will come into power. The McDermott antitrust and competition team has analyzed the first Trump term, compared it to the Biden administration’s actions, and reviewed statements from those involved in the upcoming Trump administration. While it appears that the new administration will be good for business, especially for companies planning to expand through mergers and acquisitions, this client alert takes a closer look at what is likely to change and what is likely to stay the same in antitrust enforcement throughout the next four years.

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Heard on Day One of 2022 Antitrust Law Spring Meeting

This week, the American Bar Association’s Antitrust Law Section kicked off its annual Spring Meeting in Washington, DC, which features updates from the antitrust enforcers and substantive discussions on today’s most pressing antitrust issues. In this post, we share key takeaways from the first day of the Spring Meeting.

Agencies Continue to Be Hostile to M&A: Republican Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Commissioners Noah Phillips and Christine Wilson emphasized that the prevailing view under Democratic leadership at the antitrust agencies is that mergers provide no value and only carry costs.

  • Progressive leadership wants to “throw sand in the gears” to prevent deals from being proposed altogether. Recent policy changes are aimed at creating uncertainty, heightening risk and raising the transaction costs of doing deals to slow the pace of M&A activity.
  • Despite this, there was a precipitous drop in the number of FTC merger enforcement actions in the final year of the Trump administration (31) compared to the first year of the Biden administration (12).
  • There is no indication that early termination for Hart-Scott-Rodino (HSR) pre-merger notification filings will be reinstated.
  • “Close At Your Peril” letters are another tactic the agencies are using to heighten deal risk and deter parties from pursuing or consummating transactions, even though the antitrust agencies have always had the authority to investigate and challenge consummated transactions.
  • Many panelists commented on the lack of transparency between agency staff and merging parties on recent transactions. If the lack of transparency persists, it may create due process issues and problems for timing agreements that merging parties typically negotiate with staff.
  • The antitrust agencies are increasingly skeptical of the efficacy of structural and behavioral remedies to resolve competition concerns regarding a transaction. The Department of Justice (DOJ) Antitrust Division’s Principal Deputy Assistant Attorney General Doha Mekki said merging parties should expect the DOJ to reject “risky settlements” more often and instead seek to block transactions outright. Mekki said literature has shown that many merger settlements failed to protect competition.

Increased Antitrust Litigation Is on the Horizon: DOJ officials said companies should expect an increase in antitrust litigation on both civil and criminal matters.

  • The DOJ Antitrust Division has more cases in active litigation than it has had at any time in recent history. It currently has six active litigations involving civil matters and 21 ongoing litigations involving criminal matters.
  • The Antitrust Division is not considering cost as a gating factor for bringing new cases. Instead, it is bringing cases where it deems necessary to uphold the law and preserve competition. The DOJ is hiring more attorneys and using shared DOJ resources to support the increased rate of litigation.
  • The DOJ is also seeking faster access to the courts. Mekki indicated that in cases where potential anticompetitive harm resulting from a transaction is clear, the agency may file suit while an investigation remains pending and before merging parties have certified substantial compliance.

Updated Merger Guidelines Are Coming: Officials from both the FTC and [...]

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Antitrust M&A Snapshot | US Agencies Aggressive While the EC Publishes Report on Competition Policy for the Digital Era

The second quarter of 2019 proved to be a busy season for antitrust matters. In the United States, agencies continued to be aggressive and blocked transactions or required significant remedies. They cleared three mergers where divestitures were required; and in the face of FTC or DOJ opposition, companies abandoned several transactions, including between Republic National Distribution Company and Breakthru Beverage Group. Regarding vertical transactions, we continued to see a split between the FTC Republican and Democratic Commissioners regarding whether enforcement is required and the appropriate remedies.

In the European Union, the EC published a report on competition policy for the digital era, which deals with, among other things, acquisitions of nascent competitors. The EC also closed two merger control proceedings subject to divestitures, blocked a proposed joint venture, and showed that it will seek large fines for companies violating EU competition rules for merger notifications.

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