Consumer Protection/Privacy Archives

Consumer Protection/Privacy

Antitrust Under Trump: April 2025 Updates

by Jon B. Dubrow, Michelle Lowery and Megan Ingram | Apr 29, 2025 | Consumer Protection/Privacy, DOJ Developments, FTC Developments, Mergers & Acquisitions

The Trump administration’s antitrust landscape continues to develop with key changes in industry and policy priorities, remedy expectations, and agency personnel. Among the updates, Mark Meador was confirmed as a commissioner of the Federal Trade Commission, President Trump signed an executive order to eliminate anticompetitive regulations, and the Department of Justice is partial to populist antitrust with the “America First” movement. These changes signal a shift in antitrust enforcement, with a focus on reducing regulatory burdens and addressing competitive issues in key sectors like healthcare, transportation, and entertainment.

Read more here.

Heard at the 2025 Antitrust Law Section Spring Meeting

by Lisa P. Rumin, Reese Poncia, Anthony S. Ferrara, Elai Katz, Megan Ingram, Royce Brosseau, Claire Danberg, Betty Zhang and Alex Grayson | Apr 10, 2025 | Cartel Enforcement, Consumer Protection/Privacy, DOJ Developments, EC Developments, FTC Developments, Healthcare Antitrust, Mergers & Acquisitions

The American Bar Association Antitrust Law Section held its annual Spring Meeting from April 2 to 5 in Washington, DC, where federal, state, and international antitrust enforcers shared key updates and enforcement priorities. At the Spring Meeting, antitrust agencies signaled continued scrutiny of mergers, noncompete agreements, and Big Tech – plus an uptick in state-level enforcement and continued consumer protection activity – regardless of changes in administration.

Access the takeaways here.

FTC Targets Price Discrimination With New Robinson-Patman Act Lawsuit

by Gregory E. Heltzer, Lisa P. Rumin, Ryan Tisch and Royce Brosseau | Dec 27, 2024 | Consumer Protection/Privacy, Distribution/Franchising, FTC Developments

On December 12, 2024, following a nearly two-year-long investigation, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) initiated its first litigation under the Robinson-Patman Act (RPA) in more than two decades. The FTC sued Southern Glazer’s, a large wine and spirits distributor, alleging the company charged higher prices to smaller retailer customers than it did to large chains, violating the RPA.

The litigation, filed in the last days of the Biden administration’s antitrust regime, may ultimately end with a whimper under the next administration. But for companies managing modern pricing systems, the complaint and the controversy surrounding it provide important insights into how complainants could seek to advance RPA suits in today’s retail environment. The complaint illustrates how current FTC leadership intended to operationalize its new focus on price discrimination and provides a roadmap for how state regulators and private plaintiffs can litigate the issue regardless of how the FTC proceeds under the new administration. Perhaps even more useful, the dissents filed by FTC Commissioners Melissa Holyoak and Andrew Ferguson suggest a blueprint for a legal response to future actions that may resonate with other regulators – and more importantly, with federal and state judges.

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US Federal Agencies Commit to Regulatory Enforcement of AI Systems

by Alya Sulaiman, Jason Krieser, Lesli Esposito, Shawn Helms and Todd McClelland | Jun 5, 2023 | Consumer Protection/Privacy, DOJ Developments, FTC Developments

A recent announcement by multiple federal agencies has highlighted their intention to enforce their separate regulations against developers, deployers and users of AI systems. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Chair Lina Khan and officials from the US Department of Justice (DOJ), the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) and the US Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) each reinforced their worries about automated systems, citing civil rights, fair competition, consumer protection and equal opportunity concerns. Their serious language, joint public commitment and previous enforcement actions in this area make this statement no simple theater.

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Going ‘Green’—What Does That Mean? FTC Proposes Revisions to Green Guides

by Lesli Esposito and Reese Poncia | Jun 2, 2023 | Consumer Protection/Privacy, FTC Developments

With growing consumer demand for environmentally friendly products and services, businesses are ramping up their “green” advertising endeavors to showcase eco-friendly credentials like carbon emissions reductions, renewable energy and recycled materials. In light of this surge in “going green” marketing, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) has proposed revisions to its Guides for Use of Environmental Marketing Claims (Green Guides). The aim is to furnish companies with supplementary guidance on the types of environmental claims that can be made and the necessary substantiation required to steer clear of legal disputes, penalties or unfavorable public perception. These revisions could significantly impact advertisers that make “green” claims by requiring more specificity and more substantiation than before.

Read more here.

Negative Option Offers: How the FTC’s Proposed Rule Could Affect Your Business

by Lesli Esposito and Reese Poncia | Apr 26, 2023 | Consumer Protection/Privacy, FTC Developments

In March 2023, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) proposed tightened requirements of the Negative Option Rule. This is an effort to combat unfair or deceptive practices, such as charging customers for recurring products or services that they don’t want and can’t cancel easily. Negative options refer to features like automatic renewals, prenotification plans, free-to-pay and fee-to-pay conversions, and continuity programs.

The FTC seeks to increase the requirements for negative options to prevent marketers from deceiving or making it difficult for consumers to cancel or opt out of subscriptions, notifications or similar programs. The proposed regulations aim to avoid any hindrance or deception to consumers who want to opt out or cancel.

Read more here.

Heard at the 2023 Spring Meeting: Part 2

by Gregory E. Heltzer, Lisa P. Rumin, Reese Poncia, Joshua W. Eastby, Graham Hyman, Claire Danberg, Bailey K. Sanders, William Paige and Glenna Siegel | Apr 5, 2023 | Consumer Protection/Privacy, DOJ Developments, FTC Developments, Healthcare Antitrust, Mergers & Acquisitions, Monopolization/Abuse of Dominance

The American Bar Association’s Antitrust Law Section held its annual Spring Meeting in Washington, DC, on March 29–31, 2023. The Spring Meeting sessions featured updates from federal, state, and international antitrust enforcers and thought-invoking discussions on leading antitrust issues facing the business community today. Following Part 1, this post summarizes key takeaways from the second portion of the Spring Meeting, including updates regarding premerger notification filings, labor markets, state antitrust enforcement, compliance programs, national security, consumer protection, interlocking directorates, and remedies.

FTC Zeros in on Missing Material in HSR Filings

Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Bureau of Competition Director Holly Vedova underscored the consequences of failing to submit Item 4 material in HSR filings. She noted the FTC will bounce filings found to have missing Item 4 documents. If the waiting period has not expired and newly surfaced documents change the scope of the request, the FTC may issue a Second Request. If the waiting period has expired when consequential missing material is realized, the FTC will require a corrective filing for the original transaction and may impose “significant” civil penalties.
Vedova also reminded practitioners that changes in a merger agreement can require an additional HSR filing. If material changes are made before the waiting period expires, parties should proactively reach out to the FTC to inquire as to whether further action is needed. Parties may need to amend their original filing or submit a new one entirely.

Labor Markets Remain High Priority

The antitrust enforcement agencies have promised continued, fervent action in labor markets. In keeping with this promise, this January, the FTC issued a proposed rule that would make it illegal to enter into or maintain noncompete agreements with employees or independent contractors.
- FTC Chair Lina Khan emphasized that noncompetes impede business dynamism, innovation, and entry, and eliminating noncompetes is estimated to return $300 billion back into the pockets of American workers.
- FTC Commissioner Rebecca Kelly Slaughter pointed to California as an innovator in labor market enforcement, citing its prohibition on noncompetes. FTC enforcers encouraged the continued submission of public comments on the proposed rule. The comment period is set to close on April 19, 2023.
- Wisconsin Assistant Attorney General Gwendolyn Cooley also noted that enforcing noncompetes has been a hallmark of state enforcement, especially in New York and Washington, and additional states are considering legislation that would ban noncompetes.
The Department of Justice (DOJ) Antitrust Division’s Acting Director of Criminal Enforcement Emma Burnham and the Chief of DOJ’s Criminal II Section James Fredericks noted practitioners should expect an uptick in criminal cases in the labor and employment space. DOJ Antitrust Division’s Deputy Assistant Attorney General Jonathan Kanter stressed that antitrust crimes focused on workers are just as important as those focused on consumers.
New York’s antitrust chief, Elinor Hoffman, indicated that New York is focused on labor issues, including no-poach agreements and noncompete clauses that may arise during merger reviews. [...]

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Customer Reviews: Five-Star Enforcement and the Expanding Regulations

by Lesli Esposito and Reese Poncia | Feb 28, 2023 | Consumer Protection/Privacy, DOJ Developments, FTC Developments

Does your company sell to consumers or businesses that can leave reviews or rate your products? Whether your customers can leave reviews on your website or another public-facing review platform, companies should be aware of new developments in the consumer review enforcement space that may impact how you publicize and conduct your product rating and review system. If you are not aware of the expanding consumer review regulations, it could cost your company millions or even land you in jail.

CUSTOMER REVIEWS AND PROPOSED REVISIONS

Section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Act (the Act) prohibits unfair and deceptive acts and practices. Specifically, as the Act relates to customer reviews: negative customer reviews and ratings cannot be suppressed or hidden; any incentives for reviews must be disclosed; material connections between a reviewer and the reviewed product must be disclosed; and review gating is prohibited. The FTC has heightened its focus on consumer reviews as of late and proposed revisions to the Endorsement Guides for advertisers that would tighten enforcement against posting false positive reviews or manipulating consumer perception by suppressing negative reviews, among other things. The proposed guideline revisions would state that “in procuring, suppressing, boosting, organizing, or editing consumer reviews of their products, advertisers should not take actions that have the effect of distorting or otherwise misrepresenting what consumers think of their products.” See Federal Register, Guides Concerning the Use of Endorsements and Testimonials in Advertising, Section IV (C) (July 26, 2022), https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2022/07/26/2022-12327/guides-concerning-the-use-of-endorsements-and-testimonials-in-advertising. In addition to broadening its Endorsement Guides, the FTC has already demonstrated a significant increase in consumer review enforcement—including pursuing increased penalties and new priorities like review hijacking.

CONSULTANT RECEIVES PRISON SENTENCE FOR BRIBED REMOVAL OF NEGATIVE REVIEWS

In February 2023, Hadis Nuhanovic, a merchant consultant, was sentenced to 20 months in prison for taking part in a global scheme in which he bribed employees of a technology platform to remove negative online reviews on his clients’ products and reinstate suspended accounts, among other illegal activities such as stealing sensitive company information related to product-review rankings and targeting his clients’ competitors on the platform. Nuhanovic, together with a co-defendant, reached out to platform employees in India and bribed them to obtain unfair advantages for his own business’ gain. For example, Nuhanovic admitted that he paid a platform employee to remove negative reviews and further admitted that he operated multiple sham accounts—created using false information—to purchase products from merchants and submit negative reviews about them, with the intention of deceiving consumers and harming the targeted accounts. Additionally, Nuhanovic used his sham accounts to leave positive reviews for his preferred accounts, further deceiving consumers and improving the placement of certain favored products in searches.

In addition to the review bribes, Nuhanovic was investigated for other related crimes to which he ultimately pled guilty. He was sentenced to three years of supervised release on top of the 20 months in prison and forced to forfeit $100,000 and pay $160,000 in unreported taxes.

COMPANY FORCED TO PAY FOR “REVIEW HIJACKING”

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European Competition Review 2022

by Jacques Buhart, Stéphane Dionnet, Frédéric Pradelles, Hendrik Viaene, Anna Ciesielska, Mary Hecht, Max Küttner, Andrea Otaola, Karolien Van der Putten and Hannelore Wiame | Feb 6, 2023 | Cartel Enforcement, Consumer Protection/Privacy, EC Developments, EU Developments, Mergers & Acquisitions

This Review provides legal counsel and their teams easy reference guidance on essential EU competition law developments covering key areas of law and policy. Topics covered include:

Cartels & Restrictive Agreements
Abuse of Dominant Position
Merger Control
State Aid
Legislative and Policy Developments

Access the special report.

2023 Regulatory Forecast: Antitrust & Competition

by Nicole Castle, Lesli Esposito and Gregory E. Heltzer | Jan 10, 2023 | Consumer Protection/Privacy, DOJ Developments, FTC Developments, Mergers & Acquisitions

The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) and the US Department of Justice (DOJ) pursued aggressive antitrust and competition enforcement agendas this past year and show no signs of slowing down in 2023. Prepare for the year ahead by reviewing our 2023 Regulatory Forecast for the antitrust and competition space.

Click the links below to download a one-pager of takeaways for each area.

Antitrust & Competition | Merger Control: The Biden administration prioritized aggressive antitrust merger enforcement in 2022, especially in the healthcare, labor, consumer and technology sectors. Learn how this trend will continue in 2023 as the FTC and DOJ expand their toolbox to challenge transactions.

Antitrust Litigation: In 2022, the DOJ and FTC took boundary-shifting antitrust enforcement positions and proved they are not afraid to pursue novel legal theories. The DOJ alone has more open grand jury investigations and charged more cases in 2022 than it has in decades. The DOJ and the FTC also requested historic budget increases to support their aggressive agendas. Additional resources mean more regulators are available to investigate and litigate alleged anticompetitive conduct. Find out more about the aggressive enforcement by the antitrust agencies and private plaintiffs that is expected to continue in 2023.

Consumer Protection: Enforcement by the FTC, among other consumer protection regulators, was particularly vigorous in 2022 and the trend is expected to continue in 2023. In light of the increased regulatory focus on social media, marketing and advertising, businesses should be aware of the ever-evolving guidance in this realm. Read about the proposed rulemaking and revisions on the horizon this year.

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