On June 29, 2023, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) delivered a preliminary ruling in the Super Bock Bebidas vs. Autoridade da Concorrência case (C-211/22) on the questions referred by the Tribunal da Relaçao de Lisboa (Lisbon Court of Appeal). To some extent, the recent judgement is not particularly noteworthy or innovative, as it mainly applies well-established EU competition law principles prevalent through existing case law. However, the Super Bock case marks a significant step forward by introducing these principles for the first time in the context of vertical price-fixing agreements.
The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) has proposed, for comment, significant changes to the information and documents to be submitted with premerger filings—even in transactions that do not raise significant antitrust issues. The changes proposed may not take effect and may be different when finalized. But if promulgated as proposed, every Hart-Scott-Rodino (HSR) filing will be more difficult and time-consuming, and transactions that might raise even marginal antitrust issues will require significant up-front work.
The European Commission recently adopted and published the revised Research and Development Block Exemption Regulation and Specialisation Block Exemption Regulation, together referred to as the Horizontal Block Exemption Regulations (HBERs), accompanied by the revised Horizontal Guidelines (HGLs). The adoption of the new HBERs and HGLs comes after the conduct of a similar review process and the adoption of the Vertical Block Exemption Regulation and Vertical Guidelines in May 2022. This revised horizontal package seeks to provide businesses with up-to-date guidance to help them self-assess the compatibility of their horizontal cooperation agreements with EU competition law.
The European Commission recently adopted and published a package to simplify the procedures for reviewing concentrations under the EU Merger Regulation. The goal of the package is to simplify merger review procedures, with a targeted 25% reduction on reporting requirements.
A recent announcement by multiple federal agencies has highlighted their intention to enforce their separate regulations against developers, deployers and users of AI systems. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Chair Lina Khan and officials from the US Department of Justice (DOJ), the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) and the US Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) each reinforced their worries about automated systems, citing civil rights, fair competition, consumer protection and equal opportunity concerns. Their serious language, joint public commitment and previous enforcement actions in this area make this statement no simple theater.
With growing consumer demand for environmentally friendly products and services, businesses are ramping up their “green” advertising endeavors to showcase eco-friendly credentials like carbon emissions reductions, renewable energy and recycled materials. In light of this surge in “going green” marketing, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) has proposed revisions to its Guides for Use of Environmental Marketing Claims (Green Guides). The aim is to furnish companies with supplementary guidance on the types of environmental claims that can be made and the necessary substantiation required to steer clear of legal disputes, penalties or unfavorable public perception. These revisions could significantly impact advertisers that make “green” claims by requiring more specificity and more substantiation than before.
On April 20, 2023, the EU Commission (Commission) adopted and published a package to simplify the procedures for reviewing concentrations under Regulation (EC) 139/2004 of January 20, 2004 (European Union Merger Regulation – EUMR). This package includes a set of three materials comprising (i) a revised Merger Implementing Regulation (Implementing Regulation), (ii) a Notice on Simplified Procedure (Notice), and (iii) a Communication on the Transmission of Documents to the Commission (Communication). The new notification forms (Form CO, Short Form CO, Form RS and Form RM) are also provided as Annexes to the Implementing Regulation.
The core objective of the package is to simplify merger review procedures, with a targeted 25% reduction on reporting requirements. This evolution is more than welcome, especially in light of the very recent Regulation on foreign subsidies distorting the internal market (FSR) which recently entered into force, imposing additional burdens on M&A transactions. We discuss this recent entry into force of the new FSR in our last article, available here.
This new package intends to bring significant benefits for businesses and advisers in terms of easing preparatory work and related costs. Relieving this administrative burden lying on the parties to a concentration should hopefully speed up the approval process by the Commission. The new package will apply from September 1, 2023.
The Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) blocked what would have been the largest deal in the gaming industry to date on April 26, 2023. This decision brings attention to various significant trends, including:
In dynamic markets, regulators are focusing in on whether a deal harms or could harm future competition (i.e., innovation based on predications raising significant uncertainties). The CMA speculated that the deal would “alter the future of the fast-growing cloud gaming market” and preferred to maintain the status quo with the block.
Regulators are focusing more and more on non-horizontal relationships and supply chain issues, particularly if one party is vertically integrated. Whereas in the past, concerns could often be remedied via behavioral commitments, more and more deals with a vertical component are now being outright prohibited.
While the industry expects the European Commission (Commission) to accept the behavioral remedy (license package) offered by Microsoft, this case shows once again that the CMA and the Commission can reach different conclusions when reviewing the same transaction.
On April 28, 2023, a judge from the US District Court for the District of Connecticut dismissed the criminal non-solicitation case brought by the US Department of Justice (DOJ) against six employees of the aerospace industry. The case, known as U.S. v. Patel, et al., ended with the acquittal of all defendants.
The court’s decision was significant as it stated that the case did not “involve a market allocation under the per se rule” as a matter of law. The trial court based its decision on several arguments, themes and rulings made by the defense in the 2022 U.S. v. DaVita, Inc. and Kent Thiry criminal non-solicitation trial. In that trial, McDermott, who represented DaVita’s former CEO, secured an acquittal on all counts.
In March 2023, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) proposed tightened requirements of the Negative Option Rule. This is an effort to combat unfair or deceptive practices, such as charging customers for recurring products or services that they don’t want and can’t cancel easily. Negative options refer to features like automatic renewals, prenotification plans, free-to-pay and fee-to-pay conversions, and continuity programs.
The FTC seeks to increase the requirements for negative options to prevent marketers from deceiving or making it difficult for consumers to cancel or opt out of subscriptions, notifications or similar programs. The proposed regulations aim to avoid any hindrance or deception to consumers who want to opt out or cancel.
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